非地转湿Q矢量在台风暴雨预报中的应用试验     

张亚洲  邵邹  邓文彬  赵文斌 《气象与减灾研究》2011,(4):23-29

利用NCEP/NCAR全球格点资料和TRMM卫星资料,采用改进后的非地转湿Q矢量,对0908号台风“莫拉克”引起的台湾南部特大暴雨过程进行预报应用试验.试验结果表明:(1) 850hPa高度层的非地转湿Q矢量散度及水汽通量散度分布可以预报未来24 h暴雨的落区及其雨带的分布,暴雨发生在Q矢量散度梯度大值区靠近辐合区域,...  相似文献   

庐山地区不同海拔高度降水雨滴谱特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张昊  濮江平  李靖  顾锦荣 《气象与减灾研究》2011,34(2):43-50

利用2010年7月30日架设在庐山的0TT-Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪收集的一次对流云降水雨滴谱资料,对不同海拔高度的降水微物理参量进行比较分析,以探讨降水微物理特征在垂直高度上的差异.结果表明,庐山地区夏季对流性降水,具有时间短、强度大的特点,数浓度、雨强和含水量等微物理参量值普遍较大,雨滴最大直径约为10mm.降...  相似文献   

河南一次大范围强风暴天气特征综合分析          下载免费PDF全文

张一平  席世平  崔丽曼 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(1):27-35

利用常规和加密实时探测资料,对河南一次大范围强风暴天气过程进行了综合分析,结果表明:这是一次东北冷涡稳定维持,河南受强西北气流影响下的一次大范围强对流天气.高空冷平流,近地面层有暖中心,大的对流有效位能是强风暴天气发生的不稳定层结条件;地面辐合线后东路弱冷空气扩散是强天气的触发机制.中等到强的垂直风切变有利于对流风暴的...  相似文献   

豫西一次强对流天气过程的诊断分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

任轶  沈新勇  张云平 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(1):67-72

2010年9月4日凌晨,豫西地区出现罕见的强对流天气过程,造成严重损失.利用1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料、常规观测资料、卫星观测资料以及多普勒雷达资料,对此次过程进行诊断分析.结果表明,此次强对流天气过程中不仅具有明显的低层辐合、高层辐散的气流垂直运动,而且在多普勒雷达上有明显的辐合型中气旋存在.通过对垂直积分液态水...  相似文献   

贵州春季冰雹天气过程个例分析          下载免费PDF全文

许弋  周丽娜  张萍 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(Z1):35-39

利用天气形势及各种物理量值、卫星云图和多普勒雷达资料,分析了2009年4月11日傍晚到夜间发生在贵州省中部、西部地区的冰雹天气过程成因,结果发现:高原东移低涡是这次过程的主要影响系统;高层冷平流、低层暖平流,增强了气层的不稳定性;0℃层高度(600 hPa)和-20℃层高度(400 hPa)有利于冰雹生长.强对流天气发...  相似文献   

气象条件对2010年冬小麦生长发育的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张云霞  冉献忠 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(Z1):80-83

根据冬小麦生长发育的农业气象指标,利用对比分析的方法得出影响2010年冬小麦产量构成的有利气象因素是:底墒水充足,各生育阶段降水分布适宜,土壤水分条件较好.在分(蘖)一越冬开始期平均气温偏低,冬前积温不足,不利于晚播小麦分集成穗.春季低温冷害对小麦小花分化有一定影响,但幼穗分化时间长,灌浆期温度适宜,光照充足,灌浆时间...  相似文献   

Long-term simulations of the sulfur concentrations over the China, Japan and Korea: A model comparison study     

Cheol-Hee Kim  Lim-Seok Chang  Jeong-Soo Kim  Fan Meng  Mizuo Kajino  Hiromasa Ueda  Yuanhang Zhang  Hye-Young Son  Youjiang He  Jun Xu  Keiichi Sato  Chang-Keun Song  Soo-Jin Ban  Tatsuya Sakurai  Zhiwei Han  Lei Duan  Suk-Jo Lee  Shang-Gyoo Shim  Young Sunwoo  Tae-Young Lee 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(4):399-411

Three comprehensive acid deposition models were used to simulate the sulfur concentrations over northeast Asia over the period covering entire year of 2002, and discussed the aggregated uncertainties and discrepancies of the three models. The participating models are from the countries participating in the project of Longrange Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP): China, Japan and Korea. The Eulerian Model-3/CMAQ (by China), Regional Air Quality Model (RAQM, by Japan), and Comprehensive Acid Deposition Model (CADM, by Korea) were employed by each country with common emissions data established by the administrative agencies of China, Japan and Korea. The episodic simulation results between 1 to 15, March 2002 are also presented, during which aircraft measurements were carried out over the Yellow sea. The episodic results show both a wide short-term variability in simulations against measurements, and maximum concentration differences of 3～5 times among the three models, requiring that further attention before confidence among the three models can be claimed for short-term simulations. However, the year-long cumulative simulations showed almost the same general features, with lower aggregated uncertainties between the three models, produced by the long term integration over northeast Asia.  相似文献   

Sampling strategy and climatic implications of tree-ring stable isotopes on the southeast Tibetan Plateau     

Chunming Shi  Valérie Masson-Delmotte  Camille Risi  Thomas Eglin  Michel Stievenard  Monique Pierre  Xiaochun Wang  Jing Gao  François-Marie Bréon  Qi-Bin Zhang  Valérie Daux 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2011,301(1-2):307-316

We explore the potential of tree-ring cellulose δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records for reconstructing climate variability in the southeast Tibetan Plateau. Our sampling strategy was designed to investigate intra and inter-tree variability, and the effects of the age of tree on δ¹⁸O variation. We show that intra-tree δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O variability is negligible, and inter-tree coherence is sufficient to build robust tree-ring δ¹⁸O or δ¹³C chronologies based on only four trees. There is no evidence of an age effect regarding δ¹⁸O, in contrast with tree-ring width. In our warm and moist sampling site, young tree δ¹³C is not clearly correlated with monthly mean meteorological data. Tree-ring δ¹⁸O appears significantly anti-correlated with summer precipitation amount, regional cloud cover, and relative humidity. Simulations conducted with the ORCHIDEE land surface model confirm the observed contribution of relative humidity to tree cellulose δ¹⁸O, and explain the weak correlation of δ¹³C with climate by the non-linear integration linked with photosynthesis. Altogether, the tree-ring cellulose δ¹⁸O is shown to be a promising proxy to reconstruct regional summer moisture variability prior to the instrumental period.  相似文献   

Solutions for Non‐Darcian Flow to an Extended Well in Fractured Rock     

Zhang Wen  Guanhua Huang  Hongbin Zhan 《Ground water》2011,49(2):280-285

We have investigated non‐Darcian flow to a vertical fracture represented as an extended well using a linearization procedure and a finite difference method in this study. Approximate analytical solutions have been obtained with and without the consideration of fracture storage based on the linearization procedure. A numerical solution for such a non‐Darcian flow case has also been obtained with a finite difference method. We have compared the numerical solution with the approximate analytical solutions obtained by the linearization method and the Boltzmann transform. The results indicate that the linearized solution agrees generally well with the numerical solution at late times, and underestimates the dimensionless drawdown at early times, no matter if the fracture storage is considered or not. When the fracture storage is excluded, the Boltzmann transform solution overestimates the dimensionless drawdown during the entire pumping period. The dimensionless drawdowns in the fracture with fracture storage for different values of dimensionless non‐Darcian hydraulic conductivity β approach the same asymptotic value at early times. A larger β value results in a smaller dimensionless drawdown in both the fracture and the aquifer when the fracture storage is included. The dimensionless drawdown is approximately proportional to the square root of the dimensionless time at late times.  相似文献   

Hysteretic shear–flexure interaction model of reinforced concrete columns for seismic response assessment of bridges     

Jian Zhang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(3):315-337

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